Monday, December 30, 2019
Report on Lab Final
Question 1: Separation of mixtures Extraction This is a method of separation of two immiscible solvent phases. It is the best method for the separation of a mixture of Cyclohexanone and Acetone (miscible) Reason: Cyclohexanone is insoluble in water while Acetone is miscible with water. A mixture of the two compounds forms two distinct layers in water. Distillation cannot be used because the two compounds are highly flammable. Procedure: In this method of separation, water is added to the mixture. Acetone completely mixes with water while cyclohexanone does not. A funnel is then used to separate the two. (Note: the colouration is used to show the difference in the liquid layers. This is not the actual colours). 2. Column chromatography This is a method of separation of mixtures based on differential adsorption of substance by the adsorbent. In this case, it is the best method for separation of tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile. Reason: Tetrahydrofuran has low viscosity at standard temperatures while acetonitrile provides a mobile phase in the chromatography. Acetonitrile is also highly flammable and therefore, distillation cannot be used to separate it. 3. Distillation This is the method of separation used for two liquids with different boiling points, or a solid and a liquid. It is the best method for separation of benzoic acid and toluene. Reason: Benzoic acid is a crystalline solid that results from partial oxidation of toluene. Question 2: Purity and melting Points 2 a) The melting points are given below. Purity also decreases downwards. Compound                                        melting point (0C)                actual melting point (0C) Salicylic acid                                    87-89                                                 87.33 p-dibromobenzene                                      155-159                                             159 Benzoic acid                                     110-122C,                                        122 2 b) Reasons for variations in melting points Impurities – presence of impurities will always lower the melting point. Temperature variations. Question 3:    Thin Layer Chromatography 3 a)     Column preparation by TLC A thin layer chromatography of the mixture is run and a sample of a known compound in the solution spotted. The solvent is then allowed to evaporate and the compound re-dissolved in a slightly solvent onto a silica gel TLC plate. A line is then drawn, about one-half centimeter from the bottom of the plate and the sample spotted on the line. The spot is kept as small as possible. The TLC plate is then placed in a developing jar containing an appropriate level of the proper solvent, and the top back of the jar rested. The solvent is then allowed to travel up the plate to about half a centimeter from the top and the solvent front marked. The plate is then allowed to dry and the spot visualized under UV light. Finally, the spot concentration is determined.
Saturday, December 21, 2019
High School Vs. College - 1236 Words
Name: Oriyomi Kuku   Instructor s Name: Bishakha Mukherji Course: English 1301 Due Date: 22 October 201 High school vs. College Having a great education is the best legacy in life. It is a proven fact. This accomplishment requires moving on from high school, as well as from college. Moving from high school to college might be an energizing change, yet it is additionally an exceptionally troublesome one. It is a test that the understudy will battle with and in the end change in accordance with after some time. Despite the fact that there are numerous contrasts between high school and college, one ought not to believe that they are tow totally unique universes. They have their similarities, as well. A few differences between high†¦show more content†¦Classes, for the most part, have close to 35 understudies. You may think about outside class as meager as 0 to 2 hours per week, and this might be for the most part a minute ago test arrangement. You at times need to peruse much else besides once, and now and again tuning in class is sufficient. You are required to peruse short assignments that are then ex amined, and regularly re-instructed, in class. Then again, succeeding in college classes, the scholarly year is partitioned into two separate 15-week semesters. In addition, to seven days after every semester for exams. Classes may number 100 understudies or all the more, likewise you have to learn no less than 2 to 3 hours outside of class for every hour in class. As an undergrad, you have to survey class notes and content material routinely; you are doled out generous measures of perusing and composing which may not be straightforwardly tended to in class. Another differences is about high school and college educators. High teachers check your finished homework, help you to remember your deficient work and approach you in case they trust you require help. Instructors in high school are regularly accessible for discussion sometime recently, amid, or after class. They have been prepared in instructing techniques to help with conferring learning to understudies, and furthermore, furn ish you with the data you missed when you were truant from class. High schoolShow MoreRelatedCollege Vs. High School858 Words  | 4 PagesCollege Vs. High School Some may think that high school and college reading and writing are similar and that it’s just the next level up but it s not, they differentiate in many ways. College reading and writing is more than that, it’s a completely different world when compared to high school. It’s much more advanced and complexed. Some ideas that can be compared are the way we annotate, understand text, assignment topics, the depth of research, and so on. This is important to understanding howRead MoreHigh School Vs. College873 Words  | 4 PagesHigh School Vs. College The transition from high school to college is not only an exciting challenge, but also a great milestone in one’s life. High school and college both share the common goal of expanding students’ knowledge; however, there are many differences between high school and college. They are similar in such ways that you still have to go to class, do class work, take test, and study hard. They differ because in college one is taking on an entire new load of responsibility and optionsRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1149 Words  | 5 PagesProfessor Grunow Writing 1010 October 26, 2015 High School vs. College Graduating from high school is what every student is looking forward to. However, going to college is a big accomplishment for all students. The first day of freshman high school and college feels the same, the excitement and pressured. As many students experienced, both high school and college could be compared their similarities. First, both students in college and high school are expected to behave in well mannered, attendRead MoreCollege Vs. High School938 Words  | 4 PagesWelcome to college! Congratulations on making it this far! Now the time comes to ramp up the ante! No such program as stepping up to college exists as it does for for high school. Oh wait! It’s called high school. Move it or lose it now, your future rests on your shoulders. High school teachers just handed you your future based on the way you schooled, and college professors tell you to figure it out. College trips up hundreds of students a year, refrain from letting yourself become one ofRe ad MoreHigh School Vs. College1217 Words  | 5 PagesHigh School vs. College In the America, children begin school around the age of six. Once a student enters elementary school, most stay there for five to six years before they go on to secondary school, which involves middle school and high school. 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College965 Words  | 4 PagesHigh School vs. College In the American schooling system, children begin primary school around the age of six, this is called elementary school and most students stay there for five to six years before they go on to secondary school which involves middle school and high school. After graduating high school some students may go on to â€Å"higher education†known as college, but any schooling done after high school is no longer mandatory. In high school there is a certain structure that has to beRead MoreHigh School Vs. College853 Words  | 4 Pagesdifference between high school and college from having bells to a no dress policy. For high school students, they are obligated to go, and if they don’t attend then the government comes into play. As for college, it s a choice to go back to school. Students in college have variety of classes to choose from and freedom,etc. This could be freedom from parents or just doing whatever you want without parents barking at you, because you are now an adult. Even though I have been in college for only a semesterRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1294 Words  | 6 PagesHigh School Versus College Schools are undoubtedly important to one’s education. The most important of those schools are high schools and colleges because they have the most impact on deciding what occupation a student wants to pursue. Although high schools and colleges share similarities in providing education, there are also many differences between each other. In both high schools and colleges there are teachers that educate students on certain subjects. Those subjects can range from mathematicsRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1434 Words  | 6 Pagespeople believe that transitioning from a High School environment to a College environment is arduous, others believe it is effortless. High School and College both require teachers and work, but they both have differences that many people are not aware of. People will say that college and High School are similar because they both require effort for one to pass, but what they do not realize is the amount of effort which is necessary for each. With High School, teachers give students busy work that will
Friday, December 13, 2019
Potential Impact Study of Renewable Energy Resources on Power Transformer Free Essays
Chapter One Introduction to Topic CHAPTER I 1. 1Introduction: India is one of the developing countries at the same times a fastest rising economy in the world. India along with the BRIC countries is considered as the back bone of the world’s economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Potential Impact Study of Renewable Energy Resources on Power Transformer or any similar topic only for you Order Now This attraction is partially due to the lower cost of manpower and good quality production. India is now the eleventh largest economy in the world, fourth in terms of purchasing power. It is poised to make tremendous economic strides over the coming years, with significant development already in the planning stages. For development of a country, infrastructure plays a vital role. With the opening of the Indian economy in 1990, many multinational / transnational companies were eager to invest in India. India being the second largest population of the world is the largest market for foreign multinationals. For this reason development of the infrastructure was need of the hour for the economy. ENERGY development is the key aspect of infrastructure development demand of the developing economy. Moreover, fulfilling the energy requirement of ever growing population is herculean task. The infrastructure deficit in India is immense India is power stressed. The increasing vibrancy and flexibility of the Indian economy is not matched by the power sector. India was heavily relied on Conventional energy resources like thermal energy. The conventional energy development mainly depends on availability of resources like oil, coal, coke etc. Even nuclear power generation depends on availability of uranium platinum. Conventional energy generation also results in higher carbon emission pollution. Destroying the wastes from the conventional energy generation is the major task ahead of the country. Renewable energy Resources give the best possible solution for this problem. Renewable energy resources can be defined as the energy resources which can be replenished, as when they are consumed e. g. solar, wind, small hydro power, biogas etc. Knowing the potential of this form of energy resources, Indian government established a separate ministry for Renewable energy resources in 2006. Perhaps, India is the only country having separate ministry for renewable energy. Since then renewable energy market is an upcoming market in Indian power sector. With boom in the renewable energy market, there is also a rise in demand for related manufacturing equipment industries. Transformer is one of such equipments required in power systems for transmission of power. Our aim in this project is to make a Market Potential Impact Study for transformer for renewable energy markets. 1. 2Research Methodology: The first and a very important step in market research is formulating a research problem. It is the most important stage as if the problem is wrongly defined the subsequent stages will be of no good for the purpose for which the research is being conducted, at the same time the problem must not be defined too broadly or too narrowly. In this Project we are identifying the gap in the organizations portfolio of Transformer Business in India. We have identified that organization has no presence in the low voltage, distribution class transformer markets in India. Looking at the growth rate of Renewable energy markets and governments initiative towards the renewable energy, our main objective is to ascertain its impact on transformer business. Identifying sources of information There are two type of data resources used for the research primary and secondary data sources. Primary research data : Primary research involves getting original data directly about the product and market. Primary research data is data that did not exist before it is designed to answer specific questions of interest to the business. †¢ One to one interaction: Idea generation of the project is drawn from the one to one interaction with the experienced colleagues and trusted associates. †¢ Casual Interviews: Casual interviews are the unstructured interviews. Casual interactions with the seniors, discussions with the vendors are one of the sources of primary data. †¢ Brainstorming: Brainstorming is the casual interaction with experts. Experts are allowed to discuss freely on a particular subject. Their newly generated ideas are registered. There may not be any time duration for such sessions. †¢ Observations: †¢ Existing customer enquiries their feedbacks: Many times customer enquiries can give us the data we required. The feedbacks from the existing customers are also helpful for idea generation. Secondary research data : Secondary data is the pre- existing data, already available through books, previous researches, organizations, government documents, journals, news papers etc. Trade magazines, Journals: There are various trade magazines in power sector available. IEEMA (Indian Electrical Electronics Manufacturers Association), Powerline magazines, ITMA (Indian Transformer’s Manufacturing Association) are some of the related associations. These associations are also working on the Renewable Energy Resources. †¢ Newspapers: News papers are always giving the updates about the new trends, ideas, research going on around the world around. †¢ Internet articles, websites: Internet is the huge pool of data available for secondary research. Various search engines like Google, Yahoo etc. are useful for finding the relevant data. Websites of various Private government PSU’s are the sources of data. Websites of PGCIL, IEEMA, ITMA, Wind Power Associations, Wind mill solution manufacturer’s, statistical agencies are of immense help. †¢ Books: Books are always the sources of the technical data. †¢ Statistics agencies; The statistical agencies like India Securities ltd. , which are doing their own research in various industries, are the sources of secondary data. †¢ Government resources: Government organizations like PGCIL, SEB’s, Ministry of New Renewable Energy Resources are the sources of data. †¢ Manufacturing associations: Indian Transformer Manufacturing Association (ITMA), Windmill manufacturing associations are some of the manufacturing associations, which are used as the sources of secondary data. Gathering the existing data checking its authenticity is an important step in the research design. After the process of data gathering information, the data was tabulated and analyzed through graphs bar charts as discussed in chapter 4 of this report. . 3Objectives: †¢ To study the current status of renewable energy market within India. Our study will mainly concentrate on Wind Energy Small Hydro Projects (SHP). †¢ To ascertain the market potential for renewable energy up to 2030 study the strategic locations of renewable energy generation within India. Find out the trends in Power sector. †¢ To study the specifications the categori es of the transformers required for renewable energy transmission. †¢ Establish the relationship between the volumes of transformer business due to renewable energy market. To study the present organization set-up, this can be utilized for renewable energy transformers. 1. 4Limitations of the study: There are following limitations for the research: †¢ The primary research was limited due to wide spread of consumers. 80% of the transformer business is from the Public utilities, state electricity boards. Most of the sites are in remote places. Hence data collection is time consuming. It is very difficult to get the responses from such wide spread customers in limited time. For this research we mainly concentrated on customer feedbacks experiences of previous telephonic conversations. †¢ The secondary research is mainly concentrated on the data available through government resources. This is due to the fact that majority of the decision making forecasting is done at the central government level. As there is increase in Private participation in recent years, there is limited amount of data available for it. 1. 5Conclusion: India is developing with the rapid pace; it implies heavy investments in infrastructure. Energy generation is the key aspect for the infrastructure growth of the country. With the government’s initiative towards clean energy development, Renewable energy sector is booming. Due to Renewable energy development, there is also increase in the private participations in power plants implementations. This scenario is conducive for the demand of the transformers required for small power projects (private as well as public). In this project we will be concentrating on impact potential study of Renewable energy on power transformers. This will be helpful for the organization for initiating the low power, low voltage, distribution transformer’s business in India. We will ascertain its feasibility in the subsequent chapters starting with the organization’s profile. Chapter Two Company Overview CHAPTER II SIEMENS Ltd. 2. 1HISTORY: Siemens was founded in Berlin by Werner von Siemens in 1847. As an extraordinary inventor, engineer and entrepreneur, Werner von Siemens made the world’s first pointer telegraph and electric dynamo, inventions that helped put the spin in the industrial revolution. He was the man behind one of the most fascinating success stories of all time – by turning a humble little workshop into one of the world’s largest enterprises. As Werner had envisioned, the company he started grew from strength to strength in every field of electrical engineering. From constructing the world’s first electric railway to laying the first telegraph line linking Britain and India, Siemens was responsible for building much of the modern world’s infrastructure. Siemens is today a technology giant in more than 190 countries, employing some 440,000 people worldwide. Our work in the fields of energy, industry, communications, information, transportation, healthcare, components and lighting has become essential parts of everyday life. While Werner was a tireless inventor during his days, Siemens today remains a relentless innovator. With innovations averaging 18 a day, it seems like the revolution Werner started is still going strong. 2. 2Corporate Overview: Siemens Ltd. in India The Siemens Group in India is a unique player in the field of electrical and electronics engineering. We have the capability to integrate diverse products, systems and services into turnkey solutions across the life- cycle of a project. Innovation is our strength. But it’s not the only one. Our customers also know that they can rely on us to execute quality projects, while delivering value. In all areas of our operation, we provide the complete range of offerings. †¢ In the Energy sector, our expertise ranges from power plants to turbines. †¢ Industry sector, we build airports, as well as produce contactors. †¢ In Transportation, we deliver complete high-speed trains, right down to safety relays. In Lighting, we illuminate large stadiums and also manufacture small light bulbs. †¢ In Healthcare, we execute complete solutions for hospitals, as also provide â€Å"in- the canal†hearing aids. †¢ And, the thread that connects all our businesses is Information technology. Siemens Ltd is the flagship listed company in India. Siemens in India, which comprises 20 legal entities, is a leading provider of industry and infrastructure solutions with a business volume aggregating about Rs 11,800 crore, as on September 2008. It operates in the core business areas of Industry, Energy and Healthcare. It has nation-wide Sales and Service network, 20 manufacturing plants, a network of around 500 channel partners and employs about 17,200 people. 2. 3BUSINESSES: Organizational Chart Power Transmission Distribution High Voltage Energy Automation Medium Voltage Transformers Services At Siemens, end-to-end products, systems and solutions for industrial and building automation as well as infrastructure installations are provided. These turnkey solutions cover project management, engineering and software, installation, commissioning, after-sales service, plant maintenance and training. . 4SECTORS †¢ Energy Sector Siemens consolidates its innovative offerings in the Energy sector by combining its full range expertise in the areas of Power Generation (PG) and Power Transmission Distribution (PTD). Utilizing the most advanced plant diagnostics and systems technologies, Siemens provides comprehensive services for complete power plants and for rotating machines such as gas and steam tur bines, generators and compressors. Power Generation Efficient, reliable, climate-friendly power generation is vital for economic development. With innovative technologies and products, Siemens is pushing the limits of power plant efficiency and helping strike a viable balance between climate protection, supply security and cost-efficiency in power generation. From simple cycle power plants to combined cycle power plants, steam power plants up to integrated gasification combined cycle plants, Siemens ensures the highest levels of efficiency currently possible throughout the entire power generation process. The wide range of offerings include solutions for the automation of power grids and products such as medium voltage switchgear and components. Compressors †¢ Gas Turbines †¢ Generators †¢ Steam Turbines †¢ Combine cycle power plants †¢ Reference cycle power plants †¢ Steam power plants †¢ Fuel cells †¢ Instrumentation controls †¢ Renewable power plants Power Transmission Distribution (PTD) Efficient high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) power transmission lines are indispensable for transporting large amounts of electricity over long distances with minimum loss and thus for transmitting power from renewable energy sources in remote locations to distant consumer centres. This is where the Power Transmission Division (PTD) of Siemens plays an important role as pioneering technology providers, offering greater reliability and efficiency besides contributing to develop sustainable power supplies. PTD offerings span the entire field of high voltage power transmission, including HVDC transmission systems and products and systems for high-voltage switchgear and transformers. †¢ Power Transmission Distribution Systems †¢ Arrestors †¢ Energy management †¢ Power network communications †¢ Power transmission system †¢ Protection substation controls Switchgears †¢ TRANSFORMERS †¢ Healthcare Sector By combining the most advanced laboratory diagnostics, imaging systems and healthcare information technology, Siemens Healthcare division enables clinicians to diagnose disease earlier and more accurately, making a decisive contribution to improving the quality of healthcare The Siemens Healthcare Division is one of the largest suppliers of healthcare technology in the world. It offers solutions for the entire supply chain under one roof – from prevention and early detection through diagnosis and on to treatment and aftercare. In addition, Siemens Healthcare is the market leader for innovative hearing devices. Laboratory Diagnostics The Diagnostics Division of Siemens is engaged with the business of generating clinical diagnostic test results using tissue and fluid analysis – a process known as in-vitro diagnostics, besides immune diagnostics and molecular analysis. The Division’s solutions range from point-of-care applications to the automation of large laboratories, producing high quality outcomes that save time, money and lives. Diagnostic Imaging and Therapy †¢ Laboratory Diagnostics †¢ Hearing Instruments †¢ Market Specific Solutions †¢ IT Solutions and Services †¢ Financial Solutions †¢ Information Communication We provide software solutions across the IT service chain, from consulting and system integration to IT infrastructure management in the areas of telecommunications, healthcare, manufacturing, public sector, utilities government. †¢ Communica tion Services †¢ Fixed and mobile services †¢ Information Technology †¢ Telephone communication Wireless modules †¢ OSRAM India Pvt. Ltd. (Lighting) OSRAM India Pvt. Ltd. (Lighting)Artificial lighting accounts for a significant portion of today’s CO2 emissions. The use of energy-efficient lamps, LEDs and intelligent light management systems would not just help in bringing down the emission levels but also save significant amounts of energy and money. Siemens provides economical, long-life lighting for every application, including incandescent and fluorescent ones for domestic and industrial lighting. Offerings include:General Lighting †¢ Automotive Lighting †¢ Electronics and Controls †¢ Display/Optics †¢ Opto Semiconductors †¢ LED Systems †¢ Luminaires †¢ Mobility (Mob) A pioneer of the railway signaling systems in India, Siemens offers products and solutions in railway signaling and safety systems, traffic control and automation, electrification, traction equipment for locomotives and multiple unit system and mass transit vehicles. The product palette also includes rolling stock and auxiliary inverters for air-conditioned passenger coaches. Fully equipped and backed by trained staff, turnkey projects are undertaken for urban transportation, mass rapid transport projects, traction substations overhead centenary and long distance transmission lines. Portfolio includes: †¢ Railway automation †¢ Rail electrification †¢ Turnkey systems †¢ Metros †¢ Trains and locomotives †¢ Light rail vehicles †¢ Multiple units †¢ Service, maintenance and support for †¢ Building Technologies (BT) Siemens Building Technologies specializes in meeting the growing demand for increased personal safety and more secure public and private infrastructures by electronic security and building automation systems. A market leader in providing solutions for ‘Intelligent Buildings’, the division offers a range of products and services for security, comfort and efficiency in high-end buildings, and covers the entire chain of offerings from engineering to services. Innovative solutions for Intelligent Buildings †¢ Cross-Sector Business Siemens Information Systems Ltd. Siemens provides software solutions across the IT service chain, from consulting and system integration to IT infrastructure management in the areas of telecommunications, healthcare, manufacturing, public sector, utilities and government †¢ Consumer Products Computers †¢ Cordless Phones and Home Media †¢ Electrical Installation Systems †¢ Hearing Instruments †¢ Home Appliances †¢ Home Security †¢ Home Automation Asset Management 2. 5Transformer (Product Details) â€Å"Bringing the energy safely to the consumer†A basic requirement applicable to all power transformers. Howe ver, every single one is unique – designed according to individual factors such as voltage, power, climate, system topography, sound level and many more. Siemens is your partner, who picks up these requirements converting them into convincing solutions with maximum quality. Power transformers that render their service reliably at site. Cost-efficient and safe throughout decades. Whether for infrastructure systems, industry or households – transformers play a key role for a reliable power supply. As a customer, one quite rightly place the highest demands on reliability, cost-effectiveness and operation time. In more than 100 countries and for more than 100 years, transformers from Siemens are synonymous with top quality – as a result of ideas, knowhow and unequalled experience. Many reasons for reliability First of all, there is the fulfillment of the quality claim to which Siemens has committed themselves without compromises. Every factory manufacturing Siemens Transformers puts quality management system into practice. And only those transformers that have successfully passed all the comprehensive tests will then go into practical application. Siemens offers a complete service – from advice and design via manufacture, transport and commissioning up to our Transformer Life Management. The right transformer for your task You need a product that exactly fits your task. Siemens provide the right transformer for every requirement – from compact distribution transformers through to large power transformers with ratings over 1000 MVA. Price Development World-market prices for raw materials and energy are continuously increasing, forcing the manufacturers of high-voltage products and transformers to significant price increases. Thanks to optimized processes and internal cost reduction measures, however, the price adjustment for Siemens products is extremely moderate. Product Range Only a company that offers a complete product range can really cover all of your requirements. Siemens has put this fact into practice. For every required power, every voltage, every cooling method and every operating mode. †¢ Generator step up transformers †¢ System interconnecting transformers †¢ Phase shifters †¢ Shunt reactors †¢ Transformers for HVDC †¢ GEAFOL cast-resin transformers †¢ Oil distribution transformers and voltage regulators †¢ Special-purpose transformers †¢ Line feeding transformers †¢ Traction transformers pic] [pic] Cast-Resin Tansformers Ditribution transformer [pic] [pic] Power TransformersReactors [pic][pic] HVDC TransformerFurnace Transformers 2. 5SIEMENS Transformer Division in India Siemens has newly set-up a state-of-the-art, power transformers design-and-manufacturing facility in Kalwa, near Mumbai. The factory was started in 4th December 2007. The facility is capable of manufacturing high -voltage direct-current and other special application transformers. The transformers manufactured by Siemens in India will be identical to those made in Europe, the United States and elsewhere as the technology for these comes from Nuremberg, Germany. The full technology transfer, including the know-how for design and production techniques, has been transferred through documentation as well as the training of Indian personnel in Siemens plants in Germany and elsewhere. The new plant is designed taking into consideration all the experiences gathered from other Siemens plants, which have been in operation for the past several decades. This makes the plant unique as it applies all the best practices established in other plants – under one roof. The new plant will have 500 employees when it reaches full production capacity. The manpower and production costs account for approximately 15 percent of the sales price in India compared to about 35 percent in developed countries. The new Transformer factory will be able to address the heightened demand for power transmission equipment in the country by designing and manufacturing large transformers of power rating upto 600 MVA and 800 KV voltage class. The factory will also produce special application transformers such as for HVDC and traction furnace applications. This factory is the latest addition to the prestigious league of 17 Transformer factories of Siemens located world-over. One of the unique features of the factory is that the transformers are manufactured in a dust-free and humidity controlled environment to ensure top class dry windings coming out of a vapour phase oven and tested under tough conditions in fully shielded test-lab. 2. 6SIEMENS IN FUTURE: Identifying technologies with major growth potential, recognizing technologicalbreakthroughs, anticipating future customer needs and new business opportunities -Siemens experts are doing all of these things in a systematic process designed to make the company a trendsetter in as many business fields as possible. In an increasingly complex business environment marked by ever-shorter product cycles, the major challenge facing companies is how to organize RD activities in as focused and success-oriented a manner as possible – while simultaneously making optimum use of available funds. Rigorous focus on growth markets of the future Siemens’ Ten-Point Program was launched at the end of the 1990s to intensify the company’s focus on active portfolio management. To this day, Siemens continues to pursue the strategy defined in the program and achieve its growth targets through organic growth powered by the company’s innovative strengths, as well as through acquisitions, divestments and the formation of startups and joint ventures. In 2005, Siemens launched the Fit4More program to further tailor the strategic development of the company’s portfolio to the growth markets of the future, thus laying the groundwork for sustainable profitable growth. In addition to defining four pillars – Performance and Portfolio, Operational Excellence, People Excellence and Corporate Responsibility – the program identified urbanization and demographic change as key megatrends that would drive its business in the future. The company’s business portfolio has changed considerably in the past few years. For example, Siemens withdrew completely from the components business (now Infineon and Epcos). Large parts of its telecommunications technology business were funneled into the joint venture Nokia Siemens Networks in 2006. At the same time, Siemens strengthened its activities in the energy, industry and healthcare fields though extensive acquisitions. In 2006 alone, the company invested more than â‚ ¬6 billion to acquire companies and holdings. The current Fit4 2010 program embodies a rigorous continuation of this strategy, including further portfolio optimization with a focus on the fields of energy and environment, industry and healthcare. Siemens expects to win new orders of around INR 1 trillion in the next three fiscal years 2010 until 2012, which will be generated by government stimulus programs already announced around the world. Green technologies are expected to account for 40 percent or approximately INR 400 billion of this total, which will significantly increase the share of the company’s revenues from its environmental portfolio in the future. Siemens based this forecast on an initial systematic analysis of the largest stimulus programs. Siemens has continued with its investment plans and focused on strengthening the local manufacturing base. In the last two years, Siemens has added three new factories in Indian energy sector alone. SIEMENS constant focus is to bring world-class and high technology products to India. Chapter Three Theoretical Framework CHAPTER III 3. 1Energy Scenario in India Energy is the prime mover of economic growth and is vital to the sustenance of a modern economy. Future economic growth crucially depends on the long-term availability of energy from sources that are affordable, accessible and environmentally friendly. India ranks sixth in the world in total energy consumption and needs to accelerate the development of the sector to meet its growth aspirations. The country, though rich in coal and abundantly endowed with renewable energy in the form of solar, wind, hydro and bio-energy has very small hydrocarbon reserves (0. % of the world’s reserve). India, like many other developing countries, is a net importer of energy, more than 25 percent of primary energy needs being met through imports mainly in the form of crude oil and natural gas. The rising oil import bill has been the focus of serious concerns due to the pressure it has placed on scarce foreign exchange resources and i s also largely responsible for energy supply shortages. [pic] India has had a negative Energy Balance for decades, which has forced the purchase of energy from outside the country. Based on available energy resources, energy sector can be classified as follows: Few Definitions: 1. Thermal power generation: At a thermal power station in which the electric generators are steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated. The steam can be generated using †¢ Fossil fuels like Coal / ignite †¢ Gas †¢ Diesel or Liquid fuel 2. Hydro-Eectric Power Generation: It is nothing but using the power of water currents to generate electric power. Generally, hydroelectric power is created by directing water flow through a turbine, where the water causes fans to turn, creating the torque needed to drive an electric generator. [pic] 3. Nuclear Power: The energy released from an atom in nuclear reactions or by radioactive decay: esp. the energy released in nuclear fission or nuclear fusion. The radioactive materials like Thorium, uranium are used for energy generation. 4. Wind power It is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as electricity, using wind turbines. Wind power produced about 1. % of worldwide electricity usage;[1][2] and is growing rapidly, having doubled in the three years between 2005 and 2008. 5. Geothermal power (from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth, and thermos, meaning heat) It is power extracted from heat stored in the earth. This geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals, and from solar energy absorbed at the surfac e. It has been used for space heating and bathing since ancient roman times, but is now better known for generating electricity. About 10 GW of geothermal electric capacity is installed around the world as of 2007, generating 0. 3% of global electricity demand. 6. Solar power It is the result of converting sunlight into electricity. Sunlight can be converted directly into electricity using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly with concentrating solar power (CSP), which normally focuses the sun’s energy to boil water which is then used to provide power. The largest solar power plants, like the 354 MW SEGS, are concentrating solar thermal plants, but recently multi-megawatt photovoltaic plants have been built. 7. Wave power is the transport of energy by ocean surface waves, and the capture of that energy to do useful work like electricity generation 8. Tidal power, sometimes called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into electricity or other useful forms of power. Although not yet widely used, tidal power has potential for future electricity generation. Tides are more predictable than wind energy and solar power Following chart shows the Indian energy scenario in 2005 as on August 2008. It also shows the potential of various energy sectors by 2030. [pic] Installed Capacity, by fuel (as on August 31 2008) |Fuel |Installed Capacity (kW) |Share (%) | |Thermal |92691. 83 |63. 42 | | Coal ignite |76646. 50 |52. 45 | | Gas |13560. 52 |9. 8 | | Diesel liquid fuels |2484. 81 |1. 70 | |Hydro |36399. 80 |24. 91 | |Renewable |12932. 74 |8. 85 | | Wind |9041. 00 |6. 9 | | Small Hydro |2211. 00 |1. 51 | | Biomss |649. 00 |0. 44 | | Bagasse |973. 00 |0. 67 | | Waste-to-energy |56. 00 |0. 4 | | Solar |2. 74 |0. 00 | |Nuclear |4120. 00 |2. 82 | |Total |146144. 37 |100. 00 | (Source:CEA, Ministry of New renewable energy. ) Power line magazine- Sept. 008 Since thermal generation is based on burning coal or oil, increases in CO2 emissions, which damage the environment and affect global warming, accompany this growth. As the graph below shows, it also increases the dependence on imports, which will continue into the future unless the policy changes. [pic] [pic] Estimates of Potential Capacities from Renewable Energy Sources (in MWs) (Source: India Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources) [pic] Under this project we will be concentrating on the potential of Renewable Energy Resources-Wind Energy Small Hydro projects in India. 3. WIND ENERGY: [pic] 3. 2. 1Wind resource potential: The wind power generation in the country is influenced to a great extent by the wind speed and wind power density prevalent at a particular potential location at any given point of time. The wind speed is affected to a large extent by the strong southwesterly monsoons, starting in May-June, and by the weaker northeastern monsoons in the winter months. It has been generally observed that 60-70% of the total wind power generation in the country takes place during June- October when the southwest monsoons are prevalent throughout the country. According to a latest study, locations having an annual mean wind power density greater than 150 watts/ square meter at 30 meter hub height have been found to be suitable for development of wind power projects. 3. 2. 2Advantages of Wind Power: †¢ It is one of the most environment friendly, clean and safe energy resources. †¢ It has the lowest gestation period as compared to conventional energy. †¢ Equipment erection and commissioning involve only a few months. †¢ There is no fuel consumption, hence low operating costs. Maintenance costs are low. †¢ The capital cost is comparable with conventional power plants. For a wind farm, the capital cost ranges between 4. 5 crores to 5. 5 crores, depending on the site and the wind electric generator (WEG) selected for installation. | |Wind |Fossil Fuel | |Availability |Usable as it exists |Have to be procured and made usable through | | |laborious and environmentally damaging | | | |processes | |Limitation on |Inexhaust ible resource |Limited in reserves, expected to be completely| |availability | |exhausted in the coming 60 years | |Transportation |Used where it is available or |Has to be transported from its source site for| | |transported where needed |further processing, exposing the environment | | | |to pollution from accidents | |Environmental |Zero emission |Used in producing electricity, releasing green| |effect of use | |house gasses | |Geo-political |Reduces our reliance on oil, |Over-reliance on oil as a resource has | |implications |safeguarding national security. undermined India’s energy security, e. g. OPEC | | |Allows for self sufficiency. |crises of 1973, Gulf War of 1991 and the Iraq | | |There is no adverse effect on |War of 2003. | | |global environment. The whole | | | |system is pollution free and | | | |environment friendly. | | The pollution saving from a Wind Energy Generation with an average output of 4,000 kWh per year, savings have been estimated as follows: †¢ Sulphur – dioxide (SO2): 2 to 3. 2 tonnes †¢ Nitrogen – oxide (NO) ; 1. 2 to 2. 4 tonnes †¢ Carbon – dioxide (CO2) : 300 to 500 tonnes †¢ Particulates: 150 to 280 kg. 3. 2. 3The essential requirements for a Wind farm: An area where a number of wind electric generators are installed is known as a wind farm. The essential requirements for establishment of a wind farm for optimal exploitation of the wind are the following: †¢ High wind resource at particular site. †¢ Adequate land availability †¢ Suitable terrain and good soil condition †¢ Maintenance access to site †¢ Suitable power grid nearby †¢ Techno-economic selection of specific turbines †¢ Scientifically prepared layout Resource |Potential (MW) |Installed capacity as on 31st March 2007 (MW) | |Wind |45000 |7092 | |S mall hydro |15000 |1975 | |Biomass power / cogeneration |19500 |1184 | |Solar |4-6 kWh/m2/day |2. 74 | | |(20MW/sq. m) | | |Waste-to-Energy |2700 |43 | The sum of these renewable resource potentials, 152,000 MW, is greater than the current total installed energy generating capacity of India. 3. 2. 4Estimated Wind Power Potential in India The wind power potential on a national level, base data collected from 10 states considering only 1% of land availability, is around 46,092 MW. StateGross potential (MW) Andhra Pradesh 9063 Gujarat 7362 Karnataka 7161 Kerala 1026 Madhya Pradesh 4978 Maharashtra 4519 Orissa 1520 Rajasthan 6672 Tamil Nadu 4159 West Bengal 32 TOTAL 46,092 3. 2. 5Manufacturers of Wind Energy Generators (WEGs) |Name |Foreign Collaborator | |Arul Mariamman Textiles Limited |Win World Denmark | |Asian Wind Turbine Pvt. Ltd. |NEG- MICON Denmark | |Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. |Nordex, Denmark | |Das lageway Wind Turbines Ltd. Lagerwey, Netherlands | |Elecon Engineering Company Ltd. |Turbowinds n. v. , Belgium | |Enercon India Ltd. |Enercon GmbH, Germany | |Kirloskar Electric Company Ltd. |Wind Energy Group, UK | |NEPC India Ltd. | | | Poineer Wincon India Ltd. |Wincon, Denmark | |REPL Engineering Ltd. |Bonus Denmark | |Suzlon Energy Ltd. Sudwind Energie Systeme, Germany | |Tackle Wind Energy India (Pvt) Ltd. |Tacke Windenergie GmbH, Germany | |TTG Induatries Ltd. |Husumer, Schiffswerft, Germany | |Vestas RRB |Vestas, Denmark | |Windia Power Ltd. |Nedwind, Netherlands | 3. 2. 6Economics of wind power development †¢ The capital investment general ly incurred towards installation of a 1 MW capacity wind farm is to the tune of Rs. 4. 0 crore. †¢ Nearly 85-87% of the capital investment cost is incurred towards the supply, packaging, handling, loading, transportation, unloading, insurance cover, erection and commissioning of the WEGs. †¢ Another 2-3% of the capital cost is incurred towards construction of the foundation of the tower and other associated civil construction units like the metering and control room, foundation for housing the step up transformer etc. †¢ Nearly 1-2% of the capital cost is incurred towards purchase of land and site development. †¢ The cost of land should be valued to the rates prescribed by the District Level Committee (DLC) of the concerned state. The remaining 8-12% of the capital cost is incurred towards purchase of electrical equipment like the step up transformer, controls, OHT line connection to the nearest available grid and other electrical accessories. †¢ The operati on and maintenance cost per annum (inclusive of the insurance coverage) amounts to approximately Rs. 7. 00 lakh. †¢ The expected generation of power from the WEGs on an annual basis come to the tune of 2. 5 million KWh after accounting for non operational hours of the machines due to annual repair and maintenance, non availability of cut in wind velocity or wind velocity being higher than the cut off wind velocity at a particular site. †¢ The cost of generation of power is in the vicinity of Rs. 3. 5 / KWh. The power buy back rate varies from state to state. If wheeling is permitted then the power buy back rate can be fairly assumed as the commercial rate prevalent in a state. Wind energy generated is connected to the grid as follows: [pic] At the various stages of transmission, transformers are used for stepping-up or stepping down the voltages. [pic] | | |3. 3 Small Hydro Power: | |3. 3. Introduction | |Hydropower is a renewable, non-polluting and environmentally beni gn source of energy. It is perhaps the oldest renewable energy technique | |known to the mankind for mechanical energy conversion as well as electricity generation. | |Hydropower represents use of water resources towards inflation free energy due to absence of fuel cost with mature technology characterized | |by highest prime moving efficiency and spectacular operational flexibility. Out of the total power generation installed capacity of 1,48,265 | |MW (April,2009) in the country, hydro power contributes about 25% i. e. 36,877 MW. |3. 3. 2 Hydro Power Project Classification                               | |Hydro power projects are generally categorized in two segments i. e. small and large hydro. In India, hydro projects up to 25 MW station | |capacity have been categorized as Small Hydro Power (SHP) projects. While Ministry of Power, Government of India is responsible for large | |hydro projects, the mandate for the subject small hydro power (up to 25 MW) is given to Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. Small hydro | |power projects are further classified as | |Class |Station Capacity in kW | | | |Micro Hydro | |Up to 100 | | | |Mini Hydro | |101 to 2000 | | | |Small Hydro | |2001 to 25000 | | | | 3. 3. 3 Small Hydro Power Programme | |Small Hydro Power ( SHP) Programme is one of the thrust areas of power generation from renewable in the Ministry of New and Renewable | |Energy. It has been recognized that small hydropower projects can play a critical role in improving the over all energy scenario of the | |country and in particular for remote and inaccessible areas. The Ministry is encouraging development of small hydro projects both in the | |public as well as private sector. Equal attention is being paid to grid-interactive and decentralized projects. | |Aim:   The Ministry’s aim is that the SHP installed capacity should be about 7000 MW by the end of 12th Plan. The focus of the SHP programme| |is to lower the cost of equipment, increase its reliability and set up projects in areas which give the maximum advantage in terms of | |capacity utilisation. | |Potential: An estimated potential of about 15,000 MW of small hydro power projects exists in India. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has | |created a database of potential sites of small hydro and 5,415 potential sites with an aggregate capacity of 14,305. 47 MW for projects up to | |25 MW capacity have been identified. | | STATE WISE IDENTIFIED SMALL HYDEL SITES AND POTENTIAL | | | |UP TO 25 MW CAPACITY (as on 31. 3. 2009) | | | | | |S. No | |Name of State | |IDENTIFIED NUMBER | |OF SITES | |Total Capacity | |(in MW) | | | |1 | |Andhra Pradesh | |489 | |552. 29 | | | |2 | |Arunachal Pradesh | |566 | |1333. 4 | | | |3 | |Assam | |  60 | |213. 84 | | | |4 | |Bihar | |  94 | |213. 75 | | |5 | |Chhatisgarh | |164 | |706. 62 | | | |6 | |Goa | |    9 | |   9. 0 | | | |7 | |Gujarat | |292 | |196. 97 | | | |8 | |Haryana | |  33 | |110. 5 | | | |9 | |Himachal Pradesh | |547 | |2268. 41 | | | |10 | |Jammu Kashmir | |246 | |1411. 2 | | | |11 | |Jharkhand | |103 | | 208. 95 | | | |12 | |Karnataka | |128 | | 643. 6 | | | |13 | |Kerala | |247 | | 708. 10 | | | |14 | |Madhya Pradesh | | 99 | | 400. 8 | | | |15 | |Maharashtra | |253 | | 762. 58 | | | |16 | |Manipur | |113 | | 109. 0 | | | |17 | |Meghalaya | |102 | | 229. 81 | | | |18 | |Mizoram | |  75 | | 166. 4 | | | |19 | |Nagaland | |à ‚  99 | | 196. 98 | | | |20 | |Orissa | |222 | |295. 7 | | | |21 | |Punjab | |234 | |390. 02 | | | |22 | |Rajasthan | |  67 | |  63. 7 | | | |23 | |Sikkim | |  91 | |265. 54 | | | |24 | |Tamil Nadu | |176 | |499. 1 | | | |25 | |Tripura | |  13 | |  46. 86 | | | |26 | |Uttar Pradesh | |220 | |292. 6 | | | |27 | |Uttaranchal | |458 | |         1609. 25 | | | |28 | |West Bengal | |203 | | 393. 9 | | | |29 | |A Island | |  12 | |      7. 91 | | | | | |TOTAL | |              5,415 | |      14,305. 7 | | | | Identification of new potential sites and strengthening of database for already identified sites is an ongoing process. In this direction, | |the Ministry has been giving financial support to state governments/ agencies for identification of new potential SHP sites preparation of | |s tate perspective plan. | |3. 3. 4 Small hydro installed capacity and progress | |           The total installed capacity of small hydro power projects (upto 25 MW) as on 31. 03. 009 is 2429. 77 MW from 674 projects and 188 | |projects with aggregate capacity of 483. 23 MW are under construction. | |           While in early 90s, most of the SHP projects were set up in the public sector, from last 10 years or so, most of the capacity | |addition is now coming through private sector projects. Beginning of the 21st century saw near commercialization in the small hydro sector. | |Private sector entrepreneurs found attractive business opportunities in small hydro and state governments also felt that the private | |participation may be necessary in tapping the full potential of rivers and canals for power generation. The private sector has been attracted| |by these projects due to their small adoptable capacity matching with their captive requirements or even as affordable investment | |opportunities. In line with Government of India policy, 18 states have announced their policy for inviting private sector to set up SHP | |projects. The Government of India announced the Electricity Act in 2003, Electricity Policy in 2005 and Tariff Policy in 2006 to create a | |conducive atmosphere for investments in the power sector. Small hydropower projects are now governed by these policies and the tariff is | |decided by the State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs) as per the Tariff Policy. | |During the 10th Plan, Following have been year-wise capacity addition from SHP projects. |Year | |Target | |(in MW) | |Capacity addition during the year | |(in MW) | |Cumulative SHP installed capacity | |(in MW) | | | |2002-03 | |80 | |80. 39 | |1519. 28 | | | |2003-04 | |80 | |84. 04 | |1603. 2 | | | |2004 -05 | |100 | |102. 31 | |1705. 63 | | | |2005-06 | |130 | |120. 80 | |1826. 3 How to cite Potential Impact Study of Renewable Energy Resources on Power Transformer, Papers
Thursday, December 5, 2019
Hello free essay sample
Remember, one breath per phrase b. Use your diaphragm support c. Round your sound d. Picture the sound coming out of the top of your head. 2. Dee doth breath exercise a. One breath per phrase b. Use your diaphragm support 3. Dee doth range extension exercise a. Use good support b. Go for it! Even if you think its too high! C. Open up, dont pinch off the sound. 4. Me-Ah range extension a. Drop your Jaw b. Open up, throat should feel like youre about to yawn .Go for it! When it gets to high, well use bi-tonality 5. Alphabet backwards a. One breath and B and A 6. Alphabet forward Follow my tempo. We will be adding others as the year goes on, keep an ear open for updates! (over) New exercises! These exercises have what you need to remember right in the lyrics! Sing Legato: Sing legato sing smoothly flowing from note to note; sing legato ah, Oh, smoothly. We will write a custom essay sample on Hello or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Staccato and Marco:Staccato is short and snappy. Staccato is short as notes can be. Marco is strong with accents. We sing with strength and deep tone. Rich Tone: 1. Rich tone with open throat, Rich tone on even breath. 2. Sigh the tone with loosened jaw, sigh the tone on even breath 3. Sing a song with loosened Jaw; sing a song on even breath. Crescendo and Decrescendo Sing a little louder in crescendos with a fuller voice. Sing a little softer in decrescendos with a lighter voice. Sigh the toneSigh the tone, sigh the tone with a smile inside. Sigh, smile, on an even breath. Flexibility Flexibility, flexibility, sing with light and short note. Flexibility, flexibility, sing with easy floating breath. Yah ah ah, hay ah ah Etc. Hello By Chelsea_rose b. Use your diaphragm support. Hello free essay sample Hello my name is mathew This week, I need you to develop an employment law compliance plan for one of our clients. Remember, you can choose to work with a small, medium, or large business client. Its up to you. Make sure you check the Client Communications link to see a copy of my communications with the client regarding this issue. After you do that, youll need to start researching applicable employment laws for the necessary city, state, or country. Also research enforcement and consequences of noncompliance with said laws. Then, youll need to identify the most relevant employment laws your client must be concerned about to create an employment law compliance plan. Hello By mathewst
Thursday, November 28, 2019
Statement Of Intent For Essay Example For Students
Statement Of Intent For Essay My creative writing assignment is based off of the book Thousand Cranes by Yasunari Kawabata. This novel is about the power of different types of relationships and how those relationships affect characters life decisions. In this post World War II story, tragedy strikes more than once. People die, relationships diminish, and sadness arises. This novel sparks the idea that children are just like their parents, in the good ways and most definitely in the bad ways. The abandonment of those that you love is a common theme in this book while feeling the shame of those you love is another. The journal of Fumiko, a main character in the book, is an important point of view in the story that could be used for a better understanding of the text. This journal will describe what Fumiko is really feeling, not only through her actions and openly displayed emotions, but also through her thoughts. It displays foreshadowing while also describing the thoughts of a character who is connected to everybody in her own right. Because Fumiko is affected by most everything that occurs in the book she has so many different opinions that are important to know. This journal also describes why Fumiko did some of the things that she did, and what the thought process behind all of her actions were. Anyone who has read this book will benefit greatly from reading the journal because it opens up a lot of insight about the real story. The aspects of Thousand Cranes that I intend to focus on are the relationships that Fumiko has with her friends, family, and lovers, as well as the relationship she thinks she has with herself. I will speak about Fumiko in relation to her mother, and how many people in round, soft face saw her mother (78). I will mention Kikujis relationship with Fumiko, and the different encounters that occurred between the two. I will talk about the different tragedies that Fumiko had to go through and the different events that ended up defining her life. Furthermore, I will talk about how Fumiko viewed herself and about what ultimately led to her death. Fumiko is arguably the most important person in this book because of the numerous relationships and connections she has with all of the characters. Fumikos story is an interesting one, and by understanding her story, understanding the novel will be simple. We will write a custom essay on Statement Of Intent For specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now My Complicated Life I am a very reserved girl; a quiet, a shy girl. I had a family. My dad was once with us and my mom was once sane. Now my relationship with my mother has deteriorated and my sense of comfort has diminished. Life as I know it has become very complicated. Diary, my emotions may be fierce but I will try my best to explain my feelings as life goes on. My name is Fumiko Ota and this is my story Journal Entry 1: Rebound My mother found a new man to love in Mr. Mitani, a relationship that I want to take no part in. I feel as if this man is drowning my fathers memory, that he is crushing my poppas soul. Mother is extremely selfish for bringing this man in to my life without warning. She is sleeping with a married man and doesnt even think twice about the ramifications. Mommy is breaking my heart. Journal Entry 2: Acceptance As time goes by, and their love still exists I have come to realize that there is nothing I can do to bring my father back. I know that my mother has the right to escape her sorrows and be happy. I have to accept the fact that the man that my mother now loves is going to be in my life. Yes, what my mother is wrong, but life isnt always black and white. .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b , .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .postImageUrl , .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b , .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b:hover , .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b:visited , .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b:active { border:0!important; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b:active , .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3f8b34c3c1f9f16f78b6bda095821d6b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Oscar Wilde's comedy 'The Importance of being Ernest' is entwined around the concept of mistaken identity EssayJournal Entry 3: Sorry After accepting Mr. Mitani in to my life I decided to make amends, and actually attempt to create a relationship with him. I discovered that he is a good man, a plain man, and a man with a lot of love to spread. My mother is happy when she is with Old Mr. Mitani and her happiness is all I care about. Im finally glad that my mother has found another man to love, but if it were me, I would never be able to love another man. However, I am nothing like my mother. Journal Entry 4: The Loss of Another I am writing today because another death of someone close to me has occurred. Old Mr. Mitani died of a terrible illness. I cant believe it. He was somewhat of a father figure to me, he was a friend who would always listen to me when I had something to say, he is gone. Despite our slow beginning, we had a bright relationship. didnt mind taking risks (25) so I would help him get home during the raids (25) and he would help me turn any bad day in to a good one. Why are the men in my life disappearing before my eyes? I dont want to bask in my own self pity but its just so unfair. The pain that my mother and I feel is unimaginable and now it is my job to get my mother through this tough time. Im sorry diary, but this could be goodbye for a long time. Journal Entry 5: Surprise, Surprise Diary, its been 20 years since the last time I wrote you. Life has been pretty boring, pretty normal, until the other day. The other day I discovered that my mother is sleeping with Kikuji, Old Mr. Mitanis son. Words cant even describe the pain that I feel at this very moment. I feel hurt, deceived, and most of all, embarrassed. When I first found out was determined not to weep (68). I cant help but think that my mother is sleeping with Kikuji because he is so similar to his father. This whole situation is messed up, it just doesnt seem right. Journal Entry 6: Ashamed I am ashamed, so ashamed to call my mom mother. She gives our whole family a bad name by continuing with the relationship. At first I thought it was just a fling, a one-night stand, but she and Kikuji have now become more, and although their relationship mostly consists of sex, it is still a relationship. My mom loses the man she loves and then sleeps with that same mans son. How is that not wrong? I wish there was something I could do to make it stop. But theres nothing, it is a lost cause. This relationship continues until it ends. Journal Entry 7: Tragedy All week I have felt sick, depressed, and saddened. For the past week I have presented a shrunken, helpless figure (80). Why? Because my mother is gone and she is never coming back. She took her life about a week ago and no one seems to know why. It could have been because of the shame that her relationship with Kikuji brought upon her. Or it could have been because she thought she was a token of bad luck, being emotionally involved with two men that have died. I can try to understand it or I can just accept it and move on. Its easier said than done. My family has left me, I am alone. Journal Entry 8: Like Her Im her, Im just liker her, and I cant help it. Im like my mother in all sorts of trivial ways (102). I hadnt realized the comparisons until now, until I too got involved with Kikuji. Almost every connection that I had to my mom was destroyed, but Kikuji kept me close. My mother used Kikuji to remind her of Old Mr. Mitani and now Kikuji is using me to remind him of my mother. Although I know I am being used it is really out of my control; had become absolute, beyond comparison. had become decision and fate (145). I was ashamed of my mother and now I am ashamed of myself. .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 , .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .postImageUrl , .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 , .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89:hover , .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89:visited , .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89:active { border:0!important; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89:active , .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89 .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u17db07127dfa7b51b384b7c82f3e1c89:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Of travel EssayJournal Entry 9: The End What can I do? Life seems hopeless and living seems useless. Nothing ever gets better and things only get worse. I thought I had severed all ties with my mother by breaking her shino but Kikuji still exists. To truly end our comparisons, and destroy the Ota legacy I must cheat fate. Everyone dies sometime and I felt that death was at feet (147). I am fine with ending my life as long as every bad thing I have done leaves with me. Death is inevitable and once Im gone I will never be in pain again, I will never feel ashamed again.
Sunday, November 24, 2019
Free Essays on Marx
Mid-Term The basis for Karl Marx’s development of socialist thought came from mainly from the conflict between classes. Marx had a strong belief that the economic system to which an area conformed to had total control over every part of life. Marx was a big opponent of capitalism because he believed that capitalism led to conflict between classes, that is the capitalists or bourgeoisie and the proletariat or working class. In Marxist thought, the word class does not refer to an attribute or characteristic of a person or a group; rather it denotes position in relation to others (Siegel 257). To be a member of the capitalist class did not necessarily denote a particular amount of wealth or prestige but to be a member of the capitalist class was to have the power to exploit others economically, socially and politically (Siegel 257). It is within this belief that Marx developed his theory of the relationship between crime and class and this also the basis of the conflict theory. Marx’s belief that class is equal to the power to exploit is the basis for his theory that there is a relationship between economic structure and crime rates. Marx’s theory states that the capitalist means of production creates a class conflict. This is very similar to the conflict criminological theory which states that crime is a function of class conflict. This theory uses the fact that law is defined by those who hold the political and social power. The conflict theory and Marx’s theory differ slightly in that the conflict theory just states that the reason the class conflict accounts for the differences in crime rates while Marx goes further to blame economic structure for differences in crime rates among the classes and Marx also says that crime is merely a rebellion of the lower class to the oppression and exploitation by the bourgeoisie or upper class. Radical Marxists believe that there is an evident causal relationship between capitali... Free Essays on Marx Free Essays on Marx I. Introduction II. Marxism A. Definition & Explanation B. Example: Economic Evolution III. Resource Mobilization Theory (RMT) A. Definition & Explanation B. Example: The Parliament versus the Crown IV. Institutional Theory A. Definition & Explanation B. Example: Social Change V. Conclusion Human relationships have always been dynamic. Change and adaptability have gone hand in hand with the passage of time for human society. Systems have been developed to regulate, direct and control the resources of this society. The systems are referred to as governments and the resources as the populace or inhabitants and forces of production. A government must be dynamic in its nature reflecting the change in society. At times these systems have resisted the necessity to adapt with its components (Society) creating a deficit between the system and those it regulates. As the deficits develop, they cause instability, and could lead to revolution.1 Theories have been developed to explain the systemic phenomenon called revolution. This paper will discuss three modern theories and apply them to the English revolution of 1640. The first theory, developed by Carl Marx (Marxism), will address the economic evolution in English society. This theory will emphasize and explain how the shift from a feudal/mercantile system to capitalism affected English society. The second, called the Resource Mobilization Theory (RMT) developed by Charles Tilly, will explain how the English organizations (the Crown and the Parliament) effectively obtained, amassed and managed resources. Samuel Huntington's, "Institutional Theory", will argue that the existing government at that time was unable to incorporate the demands and personnel that the socio-economic changes created. ... Free Essays on Marx Marx interpreted the Protestant Reformation as an aspect of the struggle of the rising bourgeoisie against the feudal ruling class. He saw the Protestant ethic as an ideological weapon used by capitalists to convince workers that hard work and obedience to their bosses was demanded by god. The Protestant ethic was meant to control the behavior of the working class, not the behavior of the bourgeoisie, who never led the ascetic life Weber described. Thus, British historian E. P. Thompson (1963) verified Marx's analysis by describing the "ideological terror" unleashed by capitalists against workers during the industrial revolution in England. U.S. historian Gabriel Kolko (1961), showed that Benjamin Franklin, portrayed by Weber as an ideal typical embodiment of the spirit of capitalism, was no ascetic; he was fond of food, drink, and mistresses. Marx and Weber thus analyzed the role of ideas and the nature of capitalism very differently. Marx was a dialectical materialist who insisted that ideologies arise out of material conditions and serve the interests of contending social classes. Weber was an idealist who insisted that ideologies have an independent or autonomous existence, and that there may be an "elective affinity" between ideologies and class interests. Marx said that early capitalists got their wealth through genocide and slavery, while Weber says that they got their wealth through ascetic living and rational organization of production. Marx and Weber had very different views of how capitalists extract profits and of how European hegemony was established. Marx said that profits come from exploitation; Weber said that profits are derived from rational organization. Marx said that European global hegemony resulted from military conquest and economic plunder. Weber said that European global hegemony resulted from the unique cultural values of Western Civilization. Mar... Free Essays on Marx Mid-Term The basis for Karl Marx’s development of socialist thought came from mainly from the conflict between classes. Marx had a strong belief that the economic system to which an area conformed to had total control over every part of life. Marx was a big opponent of capitalism because he believed that capitalism led to conflict between classes, that is the capitalists or bourgeoisie and the proletariat or working class. In Marxist thought, the word class does not refer to an attribute or characteristic of a person or a group; rather it denotes position in relation to others (Siegel 257). To be a member of the capitalist class did not necessarily denote a particular amount of wealth or prestige but to be a member of the capitalist class was to have the power to exploit others economically, socially and politically (Siegel 257). It is within this belief that Marx developed his theory of the relationship between crime and class and this also the basis of the conflict theory. Marx’s belief that class is equal to the power to exploit is the basis for his theory that there is a relationship between economic structure and crime rates. Marx’s theory states that the capitalist means of production creates a class conflict. This is very similar to the conflict criminological theory which states that crime is a function of class conflict. This theory uses the fact that law is defined by those who hold the political and social power. The conflict theory and Marx’s theory differ slightly in that the conflict theory just states that the reason the class conflict accounts for the differences in crime rates while Marx goes further to blame economic structure for differences in crime rates among the classes and Marx also says that crime is merely a rebellion of the lower class to the oppression and exploitation by the bourgeoisie or upper class. Radical Marxists believe that there is an evident causal relationship between capitali...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Relationship between democracy and economic development in Latin Essay
Relationship between democracy and economic development in Latin America - Essay Example There seems to be both a negative and positive impact of democracy on economic development in Latin America. Therefore, it can be said that there exists a relationship between democracy and economic development in Latin America. It is difficult to generalise the effect of democracy on economic development on whole of Latin America. Different countries in the region have had different experiences with respect to democracy. Democracy has numerous indirect and favourable effects/impacts on political stability, inflation, levels of economic freedom, human capital, civil liberties, rule of law, etc. It is difficult to draw conclusions about the direct effects of these impacts on economic growth on the whole of Latin America but regional trends of positive and negative impact have been observed. Therefore, with respect to Latin America as a whole, it can be said that democracy does not have a strong and detrimental relationship with economic growth. Non-democratic countries have shown economic growth with democratic have failed to progress economically in the region. The reason for this, as cited by some experts, is that democracies succumb to popular demands of immediate consumption and fail to realise the profits associated with long-term investments. Also democracies fail to swiftly mobilise resources and are prone to class, ethnic and social struggles. On the other hand, authoritarian governments are more capable to suppressing conflicts and implementing measures that are necessary for achieving rapid as well as long-term growth. These reasons can explain the current economic conditions (crisis) in Latin America. The support for democracy from majority of the population also plays a role in the effect that democracy can have on economic growth. This gives raise to another question of whether there must be a choice between pro-growth policies and
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