Sunday, May 17, 2020

Call to Renewal Address Barack Obama - 1246 Words

In his 2006 â€Å"Call to Renewal Address†, Barack Obama gives his thoughts on the role of religion in democracy through a response to earlier accusations of his un-Christianness during his 2004 Senate race against Alan Keyes. He addresses both his accuser, who suggested that Obamas views disrespect his faith as a Christian, and his liberal supporters, who urged him to ignore these statements because â€Å"a literalist reading of the Bible was folly† (2). In his speech, Obama recommends a middle ground between these two views, in which â€Å"the religiously motivated translate their concerns into universal, rather than religion-specific, values† (7), as the only way to connect religion and politics in a â€Å"pluralistic democracy† (7). This attempt,†¦show more content†¦While the idea of a democracy in which religion and politics both compromise and provide input in the public square seems amenable to both religious and secular Americans, and the possibility of finding such a compromise is an attractive premise for Obama, and for any politician wishing to reach as wide an audience as possible, Obamas speech includes some unavoidable contradictions that prevents his idea from working in practice. Most noticeably, Obama admits that â€Å"religion does not allow for compromise† (7), while suggesting that â€Å"any reconciliation between faith and democratic pluralism requires some sense of proportion† (8). Most importantly, he says that â€Å"this goes for both sides† (8). The idea that both the religious and the secular must â€Å"persuade each other of common aims based on a common reality† (7) is central to his vision of a connection between religion and politics, and these common terms of argument are impossible if one side is inherently based on uncompromising commitments. Obama attempts to handle this problem by separating the role of religion in ones personal life from that of ones public, political life. He differentiates between basing ones life and basing ones policy-making on the â€Å"uncompromising commitments† (7) of religion, calling the former â€Å"sublime† and the latter â€Å"dangerous†. In his view, religion should be central in private, but cannot be the deciding factor in choices that affect the public. Unfortunately, thisShow MoreRelatedBarack Obama Incumbent U.S. Presidential Election 2012 Essay1122 Words   |  5 PagesNewt Gingrich, Ron Paul, or Mitt Romney intensifies, attention is beginning to turn to the upcoming November general election and the democratic Presidential incumbent, Barack Obama. On the 29 day of January 2009, Barack Hussein Obama was sworn in as the forty-fourth president of the United States. Born in Hawaii in 1961 to Barack Obama, Sr., a black man from Kenya, and Ann Dunham, a white woman from Kansas; he overcame more than 200 years of history, to become the first U.S. African-American PresidentRead MoreThe Pledge Of Allegiance, A Common Topic Within The Educational System1675 Words   |  7 Pagesrecitation of the Pledge, breached the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. The Ninth Circuit lifted its decision, finding the school district policy unconstitutional on narrower grounds on February 2003. During this time, they refused to address the validity of the federal statute and the motion to rehear the case (Thompson, 2003). After this case is presented to the public, many other claims to remove the phrase, â€Å"under God,† appear in court and in the media. Atheist believer Dr. MichaelRead MoreOpen Letter For Bruce Rauner1803 Words   |  8 Pagesabout our current economic and political state of higher education in Illinois. We all have our different viewpoints about why these happenings are occurring and who we should address them to. Some say address them to your local aldermen, some say the Mayor, some say the state representatives, and still some say it is Barack Obama. Well today I am addressing our concerns on behalf and with the blessings from of the organization Save CSU directly to the Governor of Illinois - Bruce R. Rauner, and if youRead MoreA Historical Analysis Of The Immigration Policy3994 Words   |  16 Pagesadmittance or rejection (USCIS, 2015). Many of the immigrants during this time were rejected because they did not have family or funds to secure their transition and were thought to be reduced to thieves or become societal burdens if admitted. To address this widespread issue, immigrant aid societies partnered with activists to post bond and provide support for the immigrants pending admittance. However, the aid societies were often overwhelmed with the amounts of incoming immigrants and those whoRead MoreThe Rights Of The United States Essay2243 Words   |  9 Pagestranssexual, and queer (LGBTQ) rights group, United Belize Advocacy Movement. In 2010, Orozco started a legal battle with the Supreme Court of Belize to decriminalize sodomy, the case of Section 53. This is a statute in the Belize criminal code that calls for a ten-year prison sentence for â€Å"carnal intercourse against the order of nature.† The existence of this law has affected the private lives of many individuals, as well as their freedom of ex pression and freedom of speech. Most alarming, the existenceRead MoreEnvironmental Management6326 Words   |  26 Pagesalarming on-going population explosion, rapid movement towards urbanization and industrialization, increasing needs of energy and fast scientific and technological advancement cannot be reversed unless there is collective thinking, will and effort. These call for public awareness and participation for bringing about an attitudinal change and finally restricting further damage to the environment. Effective implementation of environmental management and conservation programmes depends on education, awarenessRead MoreGm Bankruptcy11472 Words   |  46 Pagesmillion a year. In March 2006, GM divested 92.36 million shares (reducing its stake from 20% to 3%) of Japanese manufacturer Suzuki, in order to raise $2.3 billion. GM originally invested in Suzuki in the early 1980s. During negotiations for the renewal of its industry labor contracts in 2007, the United Auto Workers (UAW) union selected General Motors as the lead company or strike target for pattern bargaining. Late in September, sensing an impending impasse in the talks, the union called aRead MoreScience and Technology13908 Words   |  56 Pagesdiffers from her own. In a Western high school setting answering this question would have been easy, but in this case I did not know how best to respond. In a resource-poor country like Afghanistan there is little health care infrastructure to address problems such as this. I was reminded of the great needs and meager means Afghans have for health care, and thought long about what future applications of science and technology might do to enhance medicine and health education for AfghanistanRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagesthose that leverage the Internet, the difficulties encountered when managing IS projects with different levels of complexity, and approaches to effectively address systems integration and other technology leadership challenges—from both IS manager and non-IS manager perspectives. The five completely new case studies in the seventh edition address these specific topics: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ implementing technologies to support mobile clinics (Case Study I-4) deciding on a new enterprise-level IT platform

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Reflection Of Freedom Writers - 852 Words

In the movie, â€Å"Freedom Writers,† a teacher, Mrs. Gruwell, starts teaching in 1994 at Woodrow Wilson High School in Long Beach, California. She was a kindly teacher, and honestly. She wears a nice dress, and she looks like has a rich family. In fact, she was a volunteer to be a teacher that high school. When she started the teach, she saw her students divided racial lines. She was faced with a big challenge when a group of freshmen students did not respect her. They were students who nobody paid attention them and they life were very hard and with a lot of suffering and torture. The students initially only trust peers from their own ethnic and racial groups because they were beaten from different nations because they were different. For†¦show more content†¦She understood they life was very hard because they were always humiliated. Furthermore, she found the second job for pay the book when she saw it her husband was very angry because he doesnt want that work, actually her father thought this work is very dangerous for her. Finally, her husband left her and divided, but her father supported her. Even Mrs. Erin whit fathers collected the students and they went to the place, they get some card with childrens pictures who they killed during World War II. They watched the movi e. Actually, they pick the students up for a field trip to the Holocaust museum. After the trip, the students put the guns to another side. They are well-behaved and respectful shocked at what they see. Finally, they respect the students come to respect another, and the only reason was Mrs. Erin. Even they want to stay with Mrs. Erins next year for the junior class, but Mrs. Campbell did not agree with her. Also, Mrs. Erin has an Educators meeting. Erin wants to take a junior class with same students, but Mis. Coln did not want it. When Mir. Campbell saw the book who students wrote about daily notes, attracted her opinion. That book was student’s project who all of them have to write about daily notes and then the teacher collected all of them and make a book what name was â€Å"Freedom Writers Diary.† When she came from the meeting, students \asked than her:† What happened?† she said:† No† all of them were sad, but that was just joking. Even sheShow MoreRelatedReflection Of The Freedom Writers886 Words   |  4 PagesThe Freedom Writers Diary is a captivating story of the life of students living in Long Beach, California, and simultaneously an important achievement to those responsible for its creation. It recounts the experiences of teenaged students, and presents them in a way that, to many, is surprisingly relatable. Despite the obvious major differences that their stories have to others, they describe a similar basic concept or struggle that many have also undergone. Even so, the story does not seem entirelyRead MoreThe Unique Character Of America And The American People1721 Words   |  7 Pagesthe effect of its uniqueness on its people. Many writers and great thinkers have incorporated these ideas into their writings. A commonly made notion is that America’s landscape contributes to the uniqueness of America. The reasoning is that the initial wilderness of America, allowed for the cultivation of a unique American people. As a results the landscape of America can be seen as a reflection of America’s distinct character. Many well know writers of the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuryRead More Female Rebellion In Aurora Leigh and The Lady in the Looking-Glass724 Words   |  3 Pagesages of Victorian and early Modernism were restricted from education at universities or the financial independence of professionalism. In both ages, women writers often rebelled against perceived female expectations as a result of their oppression. To lead a solitary life as a subservient wife and mother was not satisfactory for writers like Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Virginia Woolf. One of the most popular female poets of the Victorian era, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, illustrated a womansRead MoreThe Growth Of American Individuality1721 Words   |  7 Pagesalternative forms of media: novels, digital music, movies. These were not available to previous civilizations. Early Amer icans only had access to the Bible, which was unreadable to the average illiterate. Newer forms of media have spurned a nation-wide reflection on the old traditions that were largely set by religion. Ever since the founding of the colonies, and ever since more diverse forms of self-expression have become more accessible, Americans have grown in individuality as they have become less dependentRead MoreWhy I Am A Writer Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagesplace paper entitled as â€Å"Not to Cry†. This paper contributed greatly to my journey as a writer. Through this paper I was able to focus on myself. I focused more on the creative side to get my point across. I was able to freely write about something I am very knowledgeable more than anyone else. Writing this paper reminded me of my family and writing about them contributes to who I am today. I felt the freedom to write what was in my heart without worrying about being judge by my readers. Before,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huck leberry Finn By Mark Twain1130 Words   |  5 Pagesrealistic writer, explores the ideas of ordinary people and freedom in his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The Civil War and the Industrialization of America were historic to the rise of the realistic period, and contributed to the shaping of it. The authors developed the period with an emphasis on regionalism, transparent language, and character. Common themes of racism, class, and freedom emerge during realism. Mark Twain s novel demonstrates the subjects of racism and freedom. As an impactRead MoreIssues in Teaching Writing1351 Words   |  6 Pagesthe student’s exposition of different writing styles. Writing styles across genre but for the sake of this discussion I want to focus on essay’s at the high school level. When I was in high school essay writing was a drag because it was always a â€Å"reflection† or a â€Å"persuasive† essay. There was never any real analyzation or evaluative s kills necessary. It was not until my AP English class that I was exposed to writing at a more advanced level. I think in teaching writing at the high school level it shouldRead MoreSelf Realization Of Women : Novels Of Githa Hariharan1181 Words   |  5 Pagessociety. It is the reflection of our society. But the role of a writer in creating literature cannot be underestimated. The quality and nature of literary work depends on the writer’s attitude of mind. They not only receive from the society but return it back to the society. 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The Yellow Wallpaper is a direct reflection of Charlotte Perkins Gilman and her political view on women’s health, both mental and physicalRead MoreThe Boat by Alistair Macleod Essay853 Words   |  4 PagesTradition Against Freedom The Boat by Alistair MacLeod is the story told from the perspective of university teacher looking back on his life. The narrator relates the first memories of his life until his fathers death. The story focuses on the conflicting relation between the mother and the father, and their different perspectives on how their children should lead their lives. MacLeod uses features of setting to present the tension between tradition and freedom. The contrast between the fathers

PhDs in the Humanities and Social Sciences

Questions: 1. Argue the criteria for selection of a research method. 2. Justify quantitative research designs when appropriate. 3. Justify qualitative research designs when appropriate? Answers: 1. Introduction The report shall evaluate the NCU degree CP 2013 applications. The course details shall be explained along with the use of attached templates to identify and elaborate. The qualitative and questions in aspects of the survey used to carry out the specific answers. The queries are ten of the framework proposed. The pros and cons of the application, costing, investments required are all taken into consideration, NUC templates suggest the qualitative and quantitative are indictors of the problem in recognition while the impact of the exercises is used in finding the consumer perspective to solve the problems area fix. The search methodologies are used to determine the qualitative and qualities issues. To have a string of working structure the use of both the data are used to design the projects likewise. The students applying for the post doctoral studied in terms of subject selection like the humanities to its science and engineering courses are losing the number of participants while the awardees in such humanities are reducing to its other contemporary subjects as science or engineering. The educational institutes attitudes, the social changes; the rate of attrition, the reasons of such a case is being evaluated with reasons to identify the way forward. The Problem Statement The problem statement is the identified issue that the assignment seeks to address. The guideline for any research is determined by the issues those are expected to be answered and thus give the researcher the line of argument to follow in determining he needed solutions. The qualitative aspect of the course is in its ability to make the concepts and evidences clear to the learner so that the issues can be relayed back with suitable qualitative examples. The descriptive answers or observations generally follow the same line of descriptive style of explanation. The quantitative answers for the solution determines the evidence based on calculated mathematical interpretations that may be the density, identity, calculated observations of a research or study which is demonstrated in numerical terms to express the idea. Statically implications in determining the quantitative and qualitative data are majorly looked into in the case of the course structure where the peer reviews and contrast with other course structures in a qualitative perspective is been elaborated. The problem statement is thus prompted with the idea of comparing the course structure and its evidence in giving the learners a quality education (Stanford.edu, 2014). The doctoral degree awarded to students if humanities in the year 1998 till 2008 were 12% while in science and engineering was 20.4%. Further the rate of attrition in doctoral degree persuasion had an attrition of 32% compared to 27% and 26% in science and engineering subjects respectively. The idea is to determine the reasons for such attrition and the unequal results in Doctoral courses. Hence the problem statement guiding the research would try and find out the reasons behind such results and determine the quality of education provide, retention problems, institutional characteristics and its influence etc to find a solution for such parity. So the logic maps in the research direction finds the problem which is the parity in doctoral course attractions, purpose of such education and hence design research questions to propose a method and design of the study (Wang Moran, 1999). Purpose of The study The study is done with a purpose to find the reasons behind the problem statement as identified. The use of qualitative and quantity data shall be used to identify the difference in attractively of science versus humanities The identification for the reasons for such diversity both in retention and building social interest about the doctoral studies of the students. The qualitative and quantitative data are being compared to reflect the reasons of such declining interest towards humanities while the rate of awardees are also lesser. The Purpose Statement Mixed methods of both qualitative and quantitative data are used in the research. The purpose is to reflect upon the various degree of deviation of interest that incorporates the phenomenon of social variable and ideological changes in the students minds those leads to the quantitative and qualitative results. The design is thus formed to apply both the qualitative and quantitative states from the US university study results about promoting the subjects to generate substantiate interest. The peers or the students as well as the observation of various published journals with secondary information sources shall be used in the derivation of results The logical conclusion of the reduction in number of people using the Humanities as Doctoral subjects are reducing as shown in previous research while the portion f science and engineering doctoral awardees are more hen compared. The gap may be less when compared in percentile but the reasons of humanities being unpopular to the later is the objective of the research to evaluate. The study would incur the reasons and find a solution for future course designers and teachers to make the subjects more interesting to reduce the attrition (Ssrc.org,2014). Research Questions The research questions are designed to answer the objective of the study. The questions are designed to give the reader an idea of what answers the study is going to portray. The research shall investigate the course structure of humanities in the context of the study to investigate the need of portraying humanities higher studied in new lights. Thus the questions are set on both qualitative and quantitative aspect of research. The qualities of the educational approach while quantity of the students enrolling and then facing attrition are discus in a mixed method in the light to suitably explain the same. Why are humanities loosing the students interest of perusal in higher education? What all are the determinants in a students success for humanities and what changes may help it to become popular among the students? How the system does needs to change the approach towards the Humanities to be a productive and popular subject where the rate of attrition is lesser with increased success rates? The aforesaid questions are designed to be answered in the research which shall also recommend the needed changes in course curriculum and approach towards higher studies. The allied social, economical and job market evacuation in brief shall also be put to justify the problem statement in context. Hypothesis The hypothesis can be said to be the explanation of phenomenon. It happens that when a previous observation or happening is being tested the observations are not always be explained based upon the existing theories and is called the hypothesis. For the study the hypothesis are explained and tested for a correlation formation. The thesis those can be explained from the prepared results may be kept while those which shows no correlation is negated Each of the used hypothesis shows a prediction which can be negated or considered based on the objectivity of the course. The hypothesis is said to be following a mathematical model which enables prediction for deductable reasoning. The deductions from the findings support the statically found results helping the deduction. However, there may be a qualitative aspect which suggests the experience or thoughts those may not have a mathematical explanation. Such is called the hypothesis of experience. Nevertheless, the new day testable hypothesis or scientific approaches of any hypothesis suggest that the alternative hypothesis has to have testable aspects, give proper numerical values, must be applicable to a number of other issues too to be held true and should be fit for the purpose that it had been designed upon (Fassbender, 1994). The qualitative researches have explanatory data as primary source for its conceptual framework and entails exploration of the subject. Thus working hypothesis is considered as a workable source of research process. The deductive reasoning those are derived from the research of hypothesis where the deductive measurable model is used as the deduction formulator. Again, correlations of phenomenon are to be similar and can be called null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. The Null hypothesis suggests that the findings would have no correlation between phenomenons and would not have any bindings with alternative hypothesis. Thus the alternative hypothesis shows that there is a relation while the null hypothesis has none. Schulenberg (2007) observes that the rejection of null hypothesis rejection while alternative to be accepted needs to be done before the observations are framed to form a result to research subject. This would give the correct realization of topic and help to have th e direction and alternatives collected. The alternative hypothesis assumes a relation to data and its co-relation to a hypothesis considered prior to the result deduction. However, Hariri (2008) argues that the hypothesis being null or alternate is based upon the sample size. If the sample size used is too small then the rejection of null hypothesis may occur. Thus a substantial amount of participant for the result findings is proposed. 2. The Key Terminologies The terminologies used in the assignment proposal contains few phrases and concepts those e elaborated from the defined state. The assignment suggests that the topic shall use qualitative data, Quantitative analysis, Hypothesis, Correlation for findings, ANOVA, regression, APA referencing etc The study of humanities being unpopular when compared to doctoral student enrollment in engineering or Science subjects have to be defines in terms of what each of the expression means. Humanities: Te study of humanities is also considered a subject of study that relates to creative arts and is concerned with human civilization, growth, history, literature, culture, mythologies etc. The study of international politics, behavior, decision making and the reasons of cultural differences and the essence of human creativity in terms of artistic and thoughts are called the study of humanities. Science and Engineering: The study of subjects that are been found and created on the basis of scientific observation, findings and are based on quantitative and qualitative findings are subjects of science and engineering. The methodologies used in the study are related to the findings of the phenomenon those are real and based upon mathematical conditions, The engineering is another part of science that explains why the proposed solution to a problem shall follow a specific style and the benefits of it. The best part of science and engineering is that that the probable outcomes are measured on the theories and calculations already existing. The phenomenon is repeatable in certain conditions and the precondition of the study is to create something better with the use of technology and knowledge to achieve the findings (McKeleve, 1994). ANOVA: The simple explanation of ANOVA is analysis of variances. The collection of data to explain a phenomenon and its variances from one state to another based upon the results of survey is ANOVA. Thus it is a tool to explain the observation. The quantitative analysis gives a result; the explanation of the result brought out of the tally made out of those observations gives a resulting observation, simply termed as ANOVA (Careereducation.columbia.edu,2015). Qualitative research: The research of a subject based upon the open ended surveys which have the capacity to let the analysis happen based on observations, which would not have any qualitative aspect in it is called qualitative research. The expressions and observations are explained from a perspective of feeling, experience in such a research survey. Quantitative Analysis: The close ended questions that have the options limited to be answered from the given choices to from mathematical observation of the percentile for each given option in the findings. The quantifiable effects of the jobs make the observation have mathematical connotations to access the strength or preference of each option, in the survey. Correlation: The relationship of the findings from the research conducted with the hypothesis of the same in the subject suggests the correlation or the relation of the findings with hypothesis that connotes the links between the two, observation of findings and the hypothesis assumed prior to study. Review of The literature The literature review in terms of the current trends of the doctoral students preference in choosing the science and engineering over humanities are been ascribed to various reasons. The findings of the said literature are varied depending upon the social, geographical, economic, gender, political, cultural issues. Thus the concept of one nation or society does not necessarily explain the phenomenon present in another (Editors-in-Chief, 2008). The Humanities and its use or facilitating in securing a job is an issue that governs many a society. The other part is the economy of it. The studying activity is a expensive job in itself where only few privileged can aspire to continue. The grants and part-time jobs apart, the study consumes a lot of time needed for a humanities doctoral project. The same is applicable for the Science and Engineering doctoral applicants as well. But the aspirations of having to pursue a field that have better option of securing a job or a career ahead is pre ferred. The other issue is the motivation of it which was suggested to be a min attrition builder for humanity studies in US. The engineering and science doctoral students are based upon the choice or topic they choose and the firm of the same line of business has interest in the findings and thus gives grants and a post doctoral position to further assist the research and development wing. For humanities the findings would suggest the viability where the researcher have build an hypothesis of being unattractive compared to the former. 3. Research Methodology The demography for the research shall consist of the student who aspires to be doctoral students and post doctoral individuals for a quantitative survey. The qualitative angle of the hypotheses is to be found from the teachers, industry observers and peers from various backgrounds that have a post doctoral study experience. The size for quantitative data is been chosen to be 100 where the post doctoral individuals and aspiring individuals shall be equal or 50 each. The Qualitative descriptive answer would be sought from the people numbering 20 of the demography as said. The qualitative answers shall be open ended where 7 to eight formal questions shall be used and depending on the quest for clarity the number may increase as subjected to the interview data collection. The quantitative survey shall have 20 closed questions with only 1 to select out of 3 to 5 options given. The answers shall be accumulated to form the graph to indicate the closeness to the hypothesis. The primary and s econdary data would thus be compared with the literature to assume a stance and describe the findings. Variations and construction The data may vary due to many reasons like the inability of the individual to interpret the question are deliberately mislead. These can only be answered by being present and exercise controls to see the quality and validity is at its best for good and true evaluation of the problem questions formulated. The variability constant can be used if the size of the participant is to be larger where the deviation constant could have been chosen as a fraction in percentile for a valid finding with unbiased resulting observations. Thus the use of constant observation while collecting the data is needed to comply with the ethical findings and keep the use of research methodology undiluted as is proposed. List of Reference Careereducation.columbia.edu,. (2015). Non-Academic Career Options for PhDs in the Humanities and Social Sciences | Center for Career Education. Retrieved 5 June 2015, from https://www.careereducation.columbia.edu/resources/tipsheets/non-academic-career-options-phds-and-mas Editors-in-Chief, H. (2008). Food Science Gone Bad. Hypothesis, 5(1). doi:10.5779/hypothesis.v5i1.59 FASSBENDER, P. (1994). INTERCULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE BIOETHICAL ASSESSMENT OF ABORTION: PRELIMINARY RESULTS AND A PROPOSAL FOR FURTHER RESEARCH. Perceptual And Motor Skills, 79(3), 1375-1381. doi:10.2466/pms.1994.79.3.1375 Hariri, M. (2008). Hypothesis Big Picture. Hypothesis, 3(2). doi:10.5779/hypothesis.v3i2.38 McKELVIE, S. (1994). GUIDELINES FOR JUDGING PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF IMAGERY QUESTIONNAIRES AS RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS: A QUANTITATIVE PROPOSAL. Perceptual And Motor Skills, 79(3), 1219-1231. doi:10.2466/pms.1994.79.3.1219 Schulenberg, J. (2007). Analysing Police Decision Making: Assessing the Application of a Mixed Method/Mixed Model Research Design. International Journal Of Social Research Methodology, 10(2), 99-119. doi:10.1080/13645570701334050 Ssrc.org,. (2014). Dissertation Proposal Development Fellowship (DPDF) Program Programs Social Science Research Council. Retrieved 5 June 2015, from https://www.ssrc.org/programs/dpdf/ Stanford.edu,. (2014). Subject: Humanities. Retrieved 5 June 2015, from https://shc.stanford.edu/why-do-humanities-matte Tight, M. (2015). Phenomenography: the development and application of an innovative research design in higher education research. International Journal Of Social Research Methodology, 1-20. doi:10.1080/13645579.2015.1010284 Wang, C., Moran, M. (1989). Proposal for an Integrated Minicourse on Research Skills. Community Junior College Libraries, 6(2), 61-70. doi:10.1300/j107v06n02_08